- The MSI, in its final year, scores the state of the media through five components including the legal environment for free speech, quality of journalism, plurality of news sources, media management practices, and effectiveness of supporting institutions. However, since the MSI's 2001 inception, the way that information is produced, spread, consumed, and used has changed. In response, IREX developed a new methodology that aims to capture a modern era when people are simultaneously producers, transmitters, consumers, and actors in information. The study shows that evolving advertising models have forced media across the region to pursue different revenue streams. While this has led to experimentation with crowdfunding and paywalls in places like Russia, it has also caused some reliance on state funding. In Serbia, one panelist said that the state advertising process is "clearly used as a way to control the media." Panelists in Kazakhstan noted that some media outlets try to avoid government funding to remain editorially independent. Social and online media advertising is rising, further limiting the advertising market for traditional media. A Bulgarian survey found that Facebook and Google take half of the country's online advertising market. Ukrainian politicians target reliable news sites with banner ads they purchase with Google's AdSense tool, potentially leading readers to think the outlets chose those ads. Government influences, public pressure, and fear of official punishment drives self-censorship across the region. The Armenia chapter highlighted that social media users verbally abuse journalists and bloggers online prompting them to avoid reporting on certain topics and people. Azerbaijani journalists' self-censorship stems from fear of persecution and even imprisonment. The U.S. Agency for International Development funds the Europe & Eurasia MSI in 21 countries. See www.irex.org/msi for country reports and the Media Sustainability Explorer to examine and compare data trends across time, MSI objectives, regions, and individual countries. Alex Cole, Director of Strategic Communications, IREX newsroom@irex.org Logo - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/360007/IREX_Logo.jpg